Child Labour

Child Labour

The term “child labour” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development.

It refers to work that:

1. is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children; and
2. interferes with their schooling by:
3. depriving them of the opportunity to attend school;
4. obliging them to leave school prematurely; or
5. requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.

In its most extreme forms, child labour involves children being enslaved, separated from their families, exposed to serious hazards and illnesses and/or left to fend for themselves on the streets of large cities – often at a very early age. Whether or not particular forms of “work” can be called “child labour” depends on the child’s age, the type and hours of work performed, the conditions under which it is performed and the objectives pursued by individual countries. The answer varies from country to country, as well as among sectors within countries.The worst forms of child labour

1. all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict;
2. the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic performances;
3.  the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as defined in the relevant international treaties;
4. work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children.

The main causes of child labor include poverty, unemployment, and excess population. Among these,poverty is the primary cause of child labour. You must have observed that poor families have more number of children, so it becomes very difficult for them to survive on the income of only one family member which is also quite less. So they make their small children their source of income. They make their children work in factories, shops, even selling items on streets. Some parents even carry infants on the streets to earn money from begging. Some percentage of child labour also comes from harassment by parents, step-parents or relatives.

There are many cases of child labor where a child has to work against the repayment of a loan which was taken by his father who was unable to pay it off. This is called as 'bonded child labour'. Bonded child labor normally happens in villages. Such children work like slaves in order to pay the loan taken. Not only poor families, but some well established business families also put their children into business at a quite young age instead of making them complete their education.

There are very bad effects of child labor for our society, which forces some children to steal things from others in order to satisfy their daily living. Many small girls are even made to indulge in prostitution. A recent case of child labor came into picture where a 10 year old kid was beaten to death because the innocent kid was slow at things. The cruel owner went angry and threw the child across the room resulting in the most extreme punishments. It was not only the cruel owner who was at the fault, but the parents of the child were also equally involved in this incident. They took payment in advance as advance and then they sent their child to work for the sake of getting some monthly income.

There are various organizations which are fighting against child labour by helping children and imparting education among that part of society from where majority of the child labour comes. Poor families should be given knowledge about family planning/control so that they are not burdened by children. It would be advisable not to keep small children at home for taking domestic help in daily household chores. Let us all take some step in this direction so that we can bring smiles to many faces and make this world a beautiful place for a child to live in.

 

Software Piracy

 Software Piracy

When software is pirated, consumers, software developers, and resellers are harmed. Software piracy increases the risk consumer's computers will be corrupted by defective software and infected with viruses. Those who provide defective and illegal software do not tend to provide sales and technical support. Pirated software usually has inadequate documentation, which prevents consumers from enjoying the full benefits of the software package. In addition, consumers are unable to take advantage of technical support and product upgrades, which are typically available to legitimate registered users of the software. Pirated software can cost consumers lost time and more money.

Developers lose revenue from pirated software, from current products as well as from future programs. When software is sold most developers invest a portion of the revenue into future development and better software packages. When software is pirated, software developers lose revenue from the sale of their products, which hinders development of new software and stifles the growth of the software company.

Kinds of Piracy

End User Piracy

Using multiple copies of a single software package on several different systems or distributing registered or licensed copies of software to others. Another common form of end user piracy is when a cracked version of the software is used. Hacking into the software and disabling the copy protection, or illegally generating key codes that unlocks the trial version making the software a registered version creates a cracked version.

Reseller Piracy

Reseller piracy occurs when an unscrupulous reseller distributes multiple copies of a single software package to different customers; this includes preloading systems with software without providing original manuals and diskettes. Reseller piracy also occurs when resellers knowingly sell counterfeit versions of software to unsuspecting customers.

Indications of reseller piracy are multiple users with the same serial number, lack of original documentation or an incomplete set, and non-matching documentation.

Trademark/Trade Name Infringement

Infringement occurs when an individual or dealer claims to be authorized either as a technician, support provider or reseller, or is improperly using a trademark or trade name.

BBS/Internet Piracy

BBS/ Internet Piracy occurs when there is an electronic transfer of copyrighted software. If system operators and/or users upload or download copyrighted software and materials onto or from bulletin boards or the Internet for others to copy and use without the proper license. Often hackers will distribute or sell the hacked software or cracked keys. The developer does not receive any money for the software the hacker distributed. This is an infringement on the developer's copyright.

Another technique used by software pirates is to illegally obtain a registered copy of software. Pirates purchase the software once and use it on multiple computers. Purchasing software with a stolen credit card is another form of software piracy. Unfortunately there are many kinds of software piracy that has hampered the software industry.

These types of software piracy have hampered the software industry. For the software industry to prosper and further develop useful software for consumers please support and pay for software. This results in better software for all.

Warnings

• For anyone caught selling pirated software, the penalties are: 1) federal statutory damages up to $150,000 per violation; 2) felony prosecution with fines as much as $250,000 and prison sentences up to five years and 3) the copyright owner is entitled to actual damages and the recovery of proceeds from any illegal activity.

• Anytime you purchase any software, keep the following items in mind are: 1) You should always receive a licensing agreement. 2) Make sure you are buying the software from a reputable retailer. 3) The license for "used" software cannot be transferred. 4) "Restricted use" identifies software issued for educational use, trial versions or not-for-resale. It should not be sold in any manner. 5) Legitimate software should be contained in brand-packaging, not generic plastic jewel cases or so other package. Some software companies, like Microsoft, have a Certificate of Authenticity (COA) on the packaging of their product.

  Being mindful of the source of the software you are purchasing can help to lessen the negative effects of software piracy on consumers and the software industry.

  
  

  
  

  

   
  

Environmental problems

 Environmental problems

With the growing population even the problems are increasing and of late they have taken a demonic size, which is commanding expert attention to be solved. There are problems like Air Pollution, Drinking water pollution, Global warming, Hazardous Waste, Ozone Depletion and many others, which makes the list endless. As globalization paves its way across the world these problems no longer remain local problems but become international issues and there are numerous causes of these problems, some of which are created by man and can also be controlled by man. So here we would discuss some of these environmental problems, their causes and effects.More about Environmental problems
Air Pollution- Air Pollution is one of the problems that seem to have no solution at all. Air carries contaminants like poisonous gases and dust particles which when inhaled lead to a number of lung disorders. The sources of air pollution are innumerable which are as follows:

1. Industries
2. Agriculture
3. Traffic

As all of these causes consist of one or the other process of combustion they emit gases that pollute the atmospheric air. Here can be large-scale pollutants like the Volatile Organic Compounds as well as minor dust particles. Nitrogen emissions come out mainly from agriculture mainly during the process of denitrification. The pesticides used for agricultural purposes can also be a cause of Air Pollution. Air Pollution can cause many heart and lung disorders like Bronchitis, Lung Cancer and diseases of the like.

1. Acid Rain- Acid rain is caused by the numerous acidic pollutants, which have potential to damage earth’s environment in a drastic way. Acid rain is caused due to the presence of chemicals like Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides in the atmosphere. These chemicals are introduced in the atmosphere as a result of the industrial processes. Sulfur Dioxide is emitted out of those industries that use coal as their fuel. Automobiles all around the world emit one third of the nitrogen oxide that is present in the atmosphere of earth. Natural causes like fire, volcanic eruptions and bacterial decomposition are also responsible for the increase in the amount of Nitrogen Oxide in the atmospheric air. Acid rain chokes the pores in the plant leaves, which leads to the death of plants and a large number of plants in a short span of time. The brick walls and stones are also corroded and the soil composition is changed leading to the death of plants again. Acid rain also leads to the destruction of aquatic life.
2. Global Warming- Global warming which leads to the Greenhouse effect is also a kind of environmental problem that is due to overpopulation and pollution. Large number of people are creating grater amount of garbage. Emissions form your refrigerator and also from the industries produce a large amount of heat, which fails to go out of the earth’s atmosphere unlike before when earth radiated out half of the heat back. This is leading towards climate change, rise in sea levels due to melting of glaciers and consequently a threat that some of the landmass might just go beneath the increasing water and therefore cease to exist.  

Drinking and driving

Drinking and driving

Driving while under the influence is a crime. Because of the hazard that it causes to the public safety, drunk driving is treated as a criminal offense and one that carries increasingly greater penalties in all 50 states.

If you planing to drink and drive this weekend, you could end up with a criminal record, and depending on the circumstances, it could be a felony.

Forget about the danger that you are putting yourself and others into for a moment, if you get caught driving after drinking alcohol or doing drugs, you will end up with a criminal record that could affect your employment and your future.

 

Here is what will happen if you get stopped drinking and driving:

1. You will be treated as a criminal. You will be handcuffed and taken to jail. You or someone you know will have to post a bond before you will be released from jail.
2. You will have to go to court and face a judge or jury. If you had a blood-alcohol level more than 0.08 in all 50 states, you will be found guilty of drunk driving.
3. You will have to pay a fine and court costs. You will probably be placed on probation and have to pay a monthly probation fee.
4. Your driver's license will be suspended or revoked. To get your driving privileges back, in most states, you will have to go through an assessment of your drinking habits and take educational classes about alcohol.
5. In many states, if it is determined that you do have a drinking problem, you will have to get treatment for your problem before getting your license back.
6. You will also have to get more expensive auto insurance, before you can drive again.
7. In a growing number of states, you will have to pay for and install and ignition interlock device on your vehicle that will not let the car start.

• If you have drink alcohol on your breathIf u r drunk please do not drive. 
  
  

Corruption in India

Corruption in India

It is not easy to define corruption. But in a narrow sense, corruption is mostly concerned with "bribery" and it takes several forms. Corruption is a global phenomenon and it is omnipresent. Corruption has progressively increased and is now rampant in our society.National scenario. Corruption in India is a consequence of the nexus between Bureaucracy, politics and criminals. India is now no longer considered a soft state. It has now become a consideration state where everything can be had for a consideration. Today, the number of ministers with an honest image can be counted on fingers. At one time, bribe was paid for getting wrong things done but now bribe is paid for getting right things done at right time.

Indian administration is tainted with scandals. India is among 55 of the 106 countries where corruption is rampant, according to the Corruption Perception Index 2004 Report released by Transparency International India. Corruption in India leads to promotion not prison. It is very difficult to catch ‘big sharks’. Corruption in India has wings not wheels. As nation grows, the corrupt also grow to invent new methods of cheating the government and public.

Is it possible to contain corruption in our society? Corruption is a cancer, which every Indian must strive to cure. Many new leaders when come into power declare their determination to eradicate corruption but soon they themselves become corrupt and start amassing huge wealth.

There are many myths about corruption, which have to be exploded if we really want to combat it. Some of these myths are: Corruption is a way of life and nothing can be done about it. Only people from underdeveloped or developing countries are prone to corruption. We will have to guard against all these crude fallacies while planning measures to fight corruption.
Foolproof laws should be made so that there is no room for discretion for politicians and bureaucrats. The role of the politician should be minimized. Application of the evolved policies should be left in the hands of independent commission or authority in each area of public interest. Decision of the commission or authority should be challengeable only in the courts.
Cooperation of the people has to be obtained for successfully containing corruption. People should have a right to recall the elected representatives if they see them becoming indifferent to the electorate.
Funding of elections is at the core of political corruption. Electoral reforms are crucial in this regard. Several reforms like: State funding of election expenses for candidates; strict enforcement of statutory requirements like holding in-party elections, making political parties get their accounts audited regularly and filing income-tax returns; denying persons with criminal records a chance to contest elections, should be brought in.

Responsiveness, accountability and transparency are a must for a clean system. Bureaucracy, the backbone of good governance, should be made more citizen friendly, accountable, ethical and transparent.
More and more courts should be opened for speedy & inexpensive justice so that cases don’t linger in courts.

  

Blood Donation

Blood Donation 

All donations to charity make a difference, whether they consist of money, clothing, or simply a couple of hours spent volunteering. While every contribution is equally important, nothing is comparable to the donation of human blood. In spite of the remarkable achievements of medical science today, there is no factory that manufactures blood. It is only in human beings that human blood is made and circulated. For those who require blood for saving their lives, sharing from other fellows is the only means. Hence, donation – rather voluntary donation is the only way of accumulating blood at safe storage to meet emergency requirements for saving lives.

Advantage- Blood donation, the voluntary act of allowing one′s blood to be drawn out of body has many advantages. No doubt the first and foremost advantage of donating blood is the exalted feeling of saving someone′s life. If we donate the little excess blood in our body, it could save someone′s life without creating any problem for us.

The average amount of blood present in an adult is 4-5 liters or about 8% of the body weight. Life cycles of the different components are short. The RBC lives about 120 days while white cells last about 3-9 days. New blood cells are constantly generated in the body. A person can donate blood 168 times during his 18 to 60 years. The quantity of blood present in 1kg of body weight is 76ml for males and 66 ml for females. Out of this 8 ml per kg body weight can be donated. Males can donate for every three months while females for every four months. All donated blood is recuperated within 21 days. At one time only 350 ml will be taken from a donor.

Rather, it is a social responsibility. The donor is donating for it as it will be used in saving lives of his fellow beings. He himself may use the same in his own need. So today’s donor may be tomorrow’s recipient.

The whole process of blood donation - from the time you arrive until the time you leave - ordinarily lasts no more than one hour. The donation itself takes only about fifteen minutes. Your single donation can help as many as three people, and can be at a hospital in as little as 48 hours, ready for a critically ill patient.

Blood donation also burns the extra calories and reduces your cholesterol level.

After donating blood, the count of blood cells decreases in our body, which stimulates the bone marrow to produce new red blood cells in order to replenish the loss. So, it stimulates the production of new blood cells and refreshes the system. 

In times of accidental injuries that shed huge amounts of blood and also in various types of surgical operations for medical treatments, blood is required for transfusion. Unavailability of blood may cost lives. Hence, importance of blood donation is tremendous. This is the greatest gift one can do for the mankind.

There are no major disadvantages of donating blood, except that sometimes one may experience a drop in blood pressure or mild nausea or dizziness for a short while. But if you compare the health benefits and mental satisfaction that comes from saving a life, you will feel that benefits of this act of charity are not only restricted to the recipient, but also helps the donor immensely.

Hero

1      2        

3      4       

5          

Hi friends there r 5 images can u tell me in 5 of them how is the real hero.

If u don't knew i will give u some hints. How is earning lowest. Who is putting his lift in danger for others. About whom we hear less most of the time after they die. Without whom our life is not safe. Money for there            safety go in others pocket many time. and we listen about it without giving and thought. and then after some time we forget about it. 

This page is for us to remember our true hero not the false one who get lots of money for just playing, acting, or just to show of.